Artificial
blood is a red blood cell substitute that has been created artificially. To
address the lack of blood for transfusions, scientists have been working for
decades to generate artificial blood from various sources and using diverse
methods. The scarcity of blood donors and the seriousness of blood-type
rejection have prompted scientists to develop artificial blood, reducing
reliance on blood donors.
Transfusions
of red blood cells are a common and necessary treatment for anaemia. The
discovery of an acid-citrate-dextrose blood preservation solution, as well as
the cloning of the ABO gene, have all contributed to the advancement of the
blood transfusion process. Transfusions are associated with a substantial risk
of infection. In instances like chronic renal disease and chronic anaemia,
recombinant erythropoietin stimulating agent therapy has been the standard of
care. Blood transfusion is the sole choice in thrombotic and neoplastic
problems. As a result, regenerative treatment has focused on RBC synthesis from
hematopoietic stem cells, with major firms paying billions of dollars in
research and development. The finished product, however, has yet to be approved
by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Artificial Blood Market Development
In the
worldwide artificial
blood market, great progress has been achieved in identifying a
suitable technology for producing blood cells. Scientists have been attempting
to create artificial blood using a variety of chemicals, including
perfluorocarbons and haemoglobin. Researchers began developing RBCs from cord
blood stem cells when stem cell research became more popular. In 2009, the
first stem-cell-based red blood cell clinical studies began. Adult bone marrow
and cord blood stem cells were used in this study. The investigation took place
at the University of Paris VI's Hematological Laboratory.
Initial
investigations using stem cells from adult and umbilical cord blood undertaken
by experts at the University of Bristol and the UK's National Health Service
(NHS) have yielded positive findings. Clinical trials with 20 patients are
expected to begin in 2017. Rather than acting as a total replacement for blood,
the goal of these trials is to provide specialised treatment for certain
patient populations.
Artificial Blood Market Potential
The World
Health Organization (WHO) estimates that roughly 50,000 stem cell transplants
are conducted worldwide each year, with 2,000 cord blood hematopoietic stem
cell transplants performed each year. Cord blood stem cells are becoming more
popular since they don't require perfect human leukocyte antigen tissue
matching, can be employed allogeneically, and have a lower risk of graft vs.
host illness.
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