Cancer is
defined as unregulated and aberrant cell development that culminates in the
formation of a tumour. This tumour could be malignant or noncancerous. The term
"head and neck cancer" refers to a variety of malignant tumours that
form in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses, and mouth. Furthermore,
squamous cells, which line wet surfaces such as the inside of the head and
neck, are the origin of head and neck malignancies (for example, the mouth,
nose, and throat). Different types of cells in the salivary glands can become
malignant. Tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, and human papillomavirus (HPV)
infection all raise the risk of head and neck cancer. Excessive consumption of
paan (betel quid), preserved or salted foods, dental health, occupational exposure,
radiation exposure, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and hereditary causes are all
risk factors for head and neck cancers.
Chewing,
swallowing, speech, and other functions are affected by head and neck cancer
surgery. Physicians choose surgical therapy combined with radiation therapy as
the most effective treatment option. However, current treatment methods for
head and neck cancer do not enhance survival rates, and the survival rate for
head and neck cancer has declined from 80% to 50% in the last ten years. Recent
advancements in sophisticated chemotherapy and radiotherapy have allowed some
facial functions to be preserved. The emergence of targeted molecular therapies
such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, and other
therapies has opened up a vast head
and neck cancer market medicines.
Need for effective and targeted
treatment is critical to increase the survival rates
Physicians
face a significant problem in treating head and neck cancer since affectivity
and therapy options differ from patient to patient and tumour site. Surgical
treatments for head and neck cancers are limited due to the complexity of face
tissues and functions, with surgery being the primary means of treatment.
Functions including chewing, talking, and swallowing may be impacted after
surgery. For the treatment of the disease, doctors use surgical surgery in
conjunction with radiation therapy. In the last ten years, the survival rate of
head and neck cancer has dropped from 80% to 50%, owing to existing treatment
choices that mostly manage the symptoms. Recent advancements in sophisticated
chemotherapy and radiotherapy have allowed some facial functions to be
preserved. Targeted molecular therapy, such as gene therapy, monoclonal
antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates, has opened up new growth
opportunities for the head and neck cancer industry.
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